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English Grammar: Irregular Verbs
This page is part of a publication called Number One ESL Discussion Book & Reference Guide.
Irregular verbs do not follow the regular pattern of conjugation in the past tense (simple past) and past participle forms. Unlike regular verbs, which typically add “-ed” to form their past tense and past participle forms, irregular verbs have unique forms that do not follow this pattern.
| Infinitive | Simple Past | Past Participle |
| (to) awake | awoke | awoken |
| (to) be | was/were | been |
| (to) bear | bore | born/borne |
| (to) beat | beat | beaten |
| (to) become | became | become |
| (to) begin | began | begun |
| (to) bend | bent | bent |
| (to) bid | bid | bid |
| (to) bite | bit | bitten |
| (to) bleed | bled | bled |
| (to) blow | blew | blown |
| (to) break | broke | broken |
| (to) bring | brought | brought |
| (to) broadcast | broadcast | broadcast |
| (to) build | built | built |
| (to) burn | burned or burnt (UK) | burned or burnt (UK) |
| (to) bust | bust | bust |
| (to) buy | bought | bought |
| (to) catch | caught | caught |
| (to) choose | chose | chosen |
| (to) cling | clung | clung |
| (to) come | came | come |
| (to) cost | cost | cost |
| (to) creep | crept | crept |
| (to) cut | cut | cut |
| (to) dig | dug | dug |
| (to) do | did | done |
| (to) draw | drew | drawn |
| (to) dream | dreamed or dreamt (UK) | dreamed or dreamt (UK) |
| (to) drive | drove | driven |
| (to) drink | drank | drunk |
| (to) eat | ate | eaten |
| (to) fall | fell | fallen |
| (to) feed | fed | fed |
| (to) feel | felt | felt |
| (to) fight | fought | fought |
| (to) find | found | found |
| (to) flee | fled | fled |
| (to) fling | flung | flung |
| (to) fly | flew | flown |
| (to) forbid | forbade | forbidden |
| (to) forget | forgot | forgotten |
| (to) forgive | forgave | forgiven |
| (to) freeze | froze | frozen |
| (to) get | got | got or gotten (US) |
| (to) give | gave | given |
| (to) grind | ground | ground |
| (to) go | went | gone |
| (to) grow | grew | grown |
| (to) hang | hung | hung |
| (to) have | had | had |
| (to) hear | heard | heard |
| (to) hide | hid | hidden |
| (to) hit | hit | hit |
| (to) hold | held | held |
| (to) hurt | hurt | hurt |
| (to) keep | kept | kept |
| (to) know | knew | known |
| (to) lay | laid | laid |
| (to) lead | led | led |
| (to) learn | learned or learnt (UK) | learned or learnt (UK) |
| (to) leave | left | left |
| (to) lend | lent | lent |
| (to) let | let | let |
| (to) lie | lay | lain |
| (to) lose | lost | lost |
| (to) make | made | made |
| (to) mean | meant | meant |
| (to) meet | met | met |
| (to) pay | paid | paid |
| (to) prove | proved | proven |
| (to) put | put | put |
| (to) quit | quit | quit |
| (to) read | read | read |
| (to) ride | rode | ridden |
| (to) ring | rang | rung |
| (to) rise | rose | risen |
| (to) run | ran | run |
| (to) say | said | said |
| (to) see | saw | seen |
| (to) seek | sought | sought |
| (to) sell | sold | sold |
| (to) send | sent | sent |
| (to) set | set | set |
| (to) sew | sewed | sewn |
| (to) shake | shook | shaken |
| (to) show | showed | shown |
| (to) shut | shut | shut |
| (to) sing | sang | sung |
| (to) sink | sank | sunk |
| (to) sit | sat | sat |
| (to) sleep | slept | slept |
| (to) slide | slid | slid |
| (to) sling | slung | slung |
| (to) sow | sowed | sown |
| (to) speak | spoke | spoken |
| (to) spend | spent | spent |
| (to) spin | spun | spun |
| (to) stand | stood | stood |
| (to) steal | stole | stolen |
| (to) sting | stung | stung |
| (to) stink | stank | stunk |
| (to) swear | swore | sworn |
| (to) swim | swam | swum |
| (to) swing | swung | swung |
| (to) take | took | taken |
| (to) teach | taught | taught |
| (to) tear | tore | torn |
| (to) tell | told | told |
| (to) think | thought | thought |
| (to) throw | threw | thrown |
| (to) understand | understood | understood |
| (to) wake | woke | woken |
| (to) wear | wore | worn |
| (to) weep | wept | wept |
| (to) win | won | won |
| (to) write | wrote | written |